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• Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers
• Alcohol and drug screening of occupational drivers for preventing injury
• Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment
• Blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents in surgical staff
• Changes in occupational health and safety service arrangements for increasing the uptake of preventive services in small companies
• Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff
• Cognitive rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury to improve occupational outcomes
• Computer-based versus in-person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers
• Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults
• Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
• Education and training for preventing and minimizing workplace aggression directed toward healthcare workers
• Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers
• Educational interventions for preventing lead poisoning in workers
• Effects of exposure to night shift work on cancer risk in workers
• Elimination, substitution, engineering, and administrative interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers
• Ergonomic interventions for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in dental care practitioners
• Ergonomic interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers
• Ergonomic interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults
• Exercise training to improve exercise capacity and quality of life in people with non-malignant dust-related respiratory diseases
• Financial incentives for decreasing and preventing obesity in workers
• Gloves, extra gloves or special types of gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries in healthcare personnel
• Health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers
• Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’ exposure to noise
• Human resource management training of supervisors for improving health and well-being of employees
• Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in educational settings and at the workplace
• Individual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
• Interventions for improving employment outcomes for workers with HIV
• Interventions for improving recovery from work
• Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network meta-analysis
• Interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies
• Interventions for prevention of bullying in the workplace
• Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people
• Interventions to increase the reporting of occupational diseases by physicians
• Interventions to prevent injuries in construction workers
• Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss
• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease
• Legal banning of asbestos for preventing asbestos exposure
• Non-medical interventions to enhance return to work for people with cancer
• Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing job loss in workers with inflammatory arthritis
• Optical correction of refractive error for preventing and treating eye symptoms in computer users
• Organisational interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing work-related stress in teachers
• Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates
• Organisational level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
• Person-directed, non-pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
• Personal protective equipment for preventing asbestos exposure in workers
• Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff
• Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
• Pre-employment examinations for preventing injury, disease and sick leave in workers
• Prognostic factors for return to work following knee arthroplasty
• Prognostic factors for return to work in breast cancer survivors
• Return-to-work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave
• Self-certification versus physician certification of sick leave for reducing sickness absence and associated costs
• Vocational rehabilitation for enhancing return-to-work in workers with traumatic upper limb injuries
• Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers
• Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
• Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
• Workplace interventions for preventing job loss and other work related outcomes in workers with alcohol misuse
• Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work
• Workplace interventions for treatment of occupational asthma
• Workplace interventions to prevent work disability in workers on sick leave
• Workplace interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of healthcare settings
• Workplace lighting for improving alertness and mood in daytime workers
• Workplace pedometer interventions for increasing physical activity
• Action with problem drinkers can cut risk of injury
• Advice on material handling techniques and using assistive devices to prevent and treat back pain in workers
• Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
• Alcohol ignition interlocks may stop repeat drink driving offences, but only as long as they are still fitted
• Antibiotics for reducing the rate of infection after bites by mammals such as humans
• Anticonvulsants for tinnitus
• Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus
• Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
• Back schools for non-specific low-back pain
• Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV incidence and HIV/STI prevalence among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries
• Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV transmission among sex workers and their clients in high-income countries
• Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
• Caffeine for preventing injuries and errors in shift workers
• Can nicotine vaccines help people stop smoking or help stop recent quitters from relapsing?
• Can rewards help smokers to quit in the long term?
• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus
• Do competitions help smokers to quit in the medium to long term?
• Does random drug and alcohol testing prevent injuries in workers?
• Educational interventions for preventing eye injuries
• Ergonomic positioning or equipment for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Exercise for Neck Pain
• Exercise for treatment of chronic low back pain
• Exercise therapy for treating acute non-specific low back pain
• Exercises for the prevention of recurrences of episodes of low-back pain
• Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing
• Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus
• Ginkgo biloba herbal supplement for tinnitus
• Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers
• Hearing aids for tinnitus in people with hearing loss
• Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B infection in health-care workers
• Improving return to work in adults suffering from symptoms of distress
• Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long-term care institutions
• Insoles for the prevention and treatment of back pain
• Interventions for preventing injuries in the agricultural industry
• Interventions for preventing or reducing respiratory tract infections and asthma symptoms in mould-damaged buildings
• Interventions for preventing voice disorders in adults
• Interventions for treating functional dysphonia in adults
• Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment
• Is the workplace an effective setting for helping people to stop smoking
• Limited data supports use of urinary alkalinisation for the treatment of acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning.
• Local corticosteroid injection is effective in the short-term for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
• Lumbar supports for the prevention and treatment of low-back pain
• Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for neck and shoulder pain among working age adults.
• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain in working age adults
• Multidisciplinary treatment at the early stages of low back pain
• Multidisciplinary treatment for back pain
• Oral steroids, splinting, ultrasound, yoga and wrist mobilisation provide short-term relief from carpal tunnel syndrome, but other non-surgical methods have not been shown to help.
• Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
• Prevention of poor blood flow in the veins in a standing worker population
• Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Psychologically mediated effects of the physical healthcare environment on work-related outcomes of healthcare personnel
• Psychosocial interventions in the emergency centre setting for preventing reinjury due to interpersonal violence
• Psychosocial interventions to prevent psychological problems in police officers
• Rehabilitation after surgery for herniation of the lumbar disc
• Rehabilitation following carpal tunnel release
• Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults
• Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Strong evidence that advanced and remedial driver education does not reduce road traffic crashes or injuries
• Surgical treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Therapeutic ultrasound for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) for tinnitus
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus
• Travel plans in organisations (schools, tertiary education institutions and workplaces) for improving health
• Treatments to prevent hand skin irritation in the workplace
• Use of antibiotics may or may not prevent leptospirosis
• Use of sodium bicarbonate to treat organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
• Vision screening of older drivers to prevent road traffic injuries and deaths
• Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) programs are used to support persons with multiple sclerosis ( MS) on their entering or returning to work
• Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness
• Workplace interventions can reduce risky sexual behaviours among workers.
• Zinc supplements for tinnitus

• Occupational health outcome (159)
  • 1.1 Decreasing or eliminating harmful exposure to prevent occupational disease (25)
    • 1.1.0 Physical agents (0)
    • 1.1.1 Chemical agents (4)
      • Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff
      • Educational interventions for preventing lead poisoning in workers
      • Legal banning of asbestos for preventing asbestos exposure
      • Personal protective equipment for preventing asbestos exposure in workers
    • 1.1.2 Biological agents (11)
      • Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
      • Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV incidence and HIV/STI prevalence among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries
      • Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV transmission among sex workers and their clients in high-income countries
      • Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
      • Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers
      • Elimination, substitution, engineering, and administrative interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers
      • Gloves, extra gloves or special types of gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries in healthcare personnel
      • Interventions for preventing or reducing respiratory tract infections and asthma symptoms in mould-damaged buildings
      • Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff
      • Blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents in surgical staff
      • Workplace interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of healthcare settings
    • 1.1.3 Circadian rhythm disruption (e.g. shiftwork) (4)
      • Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers
      • Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
      • Effects of exposure to night shift work on cancer risk in workers
      • Person-directed, non-pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
    • 1.1.4 Stress (4)
      • Interventions for prevention of bullying in the workplace
      • Organisational level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
      • Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
      • Individual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
    • 1.1.5 Exposures affecting reproductive health (0)
    • 1.1.6 Other agents or exposures (2)
      • Interventions for preventing voice disorders in adults
      • Psychologically mediated effects of the physical healthcare environment on work-related outcomes of healthcare personnel
  • 1.2 Other preventive measures to prevent occupational disease (11)
    • 1.2.0 Health examinations (2)
      • Pre-employment examinations for preventing injury, disease and sick leave in workers
      • Health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers
    • 1.2.1 Screening (0)
    • 1.2.2 Policy measures and legislation (1)
      • Interventions to increase the reporting of occupational diseases by physicians
    • 1.2.3 Other measures (8)
      • Changes in occupational health and safety service arrangements for increasing the uptake of preventive services in small companies
      • Computer-based versus in-person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers
      • Ergonomic interventions for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in dental care practitioners
      • Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B infection in health-care workers
      • Interventions for improving recovery from work
      • Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in educational settings and at the workplace
      • Interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies
      • Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers
  • 2. Management of occupational disease or symptoms (61)
    • 2.1.0 Infectious and parasitic diseases (5)
      • Antibiotics for reducing the rate of infection after bites by mammals such as humans
      • Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B infection in health-care workers
      • Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long-term care institutions
      • Interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies
      • Use of antibiotics may or may not prevent leptospirosis
    • 2.1.1 Malignant neoplasms and non-malignant diseases of the blood (0)
    • 2.1.2 Mental and behavioural disorders (9)
      • Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers
      • Computer-based versus in-person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers
      • Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
      • Person-directed, non-pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
      • Organisational level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
      • Psychosocial interventions to prevent psychological problems in police officers
      • Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people
      • Organisational interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing work-related stress in teachers
      • Workplace lighting for improving alertness and mood in daytime workers
    • 2.1.3 Diseases of the nervous system (10)
      • Ergonomic positioning or equipment for carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Limited data supports use of urinary alkalinisation for the treatment of acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning.
      • Local corticosteroid injection is effective in the short-term for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Oral steroids, splinting, ultrasound, yoga and wrist mobilisation provide short-term relief from carpal tunnel syndrome, but other non-surgical methods have not been shown to help.
      • Rehabilitation following carpal tunnel release
      • Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Surgical treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Therapeutic ultrasound for carpal tunnel syndrome
      • Use of sodium bicarbonate to treat organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
    • 2.1.4 Diseases of the sensory system (13)
      • Anticonvulsants for tinnitus
      • Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus
      • Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus
      • Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’ exposure to noise
      • Optical correction of refractive error for preventing and treating eye symptoms in computer users
      • Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus
      • Ginkgo biloba herbal supplement for tinnitus
      • Hearing aids for tinnitus in people with hearing loss
      • Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss
      • Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults
      • Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) for tinnitus
      • Transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus
      • Zinc supplements for tinnitus
    • 2.1.5 Diseases of the circulatory system (1)
      • Prevention of poor blood flow in the veins in a standing worker population
    • 2.1.6 Diseases of the respiratory system (6)
      • Exercise training to improve exercise capacity and quality of life in people with non-malignant dust-related respiratory diseases
      • Humidification of indoor air for preventing or reducing dryness symptoms or upper respiratory infections in educational settings and at the workplace
      • Interventions for preventing voice disorders in adults
      • Interventions for treating functional dysphonia in adults
      • Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment
      • Workplace interventions for treatment of occupational asthma
    • 2.1.7 Diseases of the liver (0)
    • 2.1.8 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (1)
      • Treatments to prevent hand skin irritation in the workplace
    • 2.1.9 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (16)
      • Advice on material handling techniques and using assistive devices to prevent and treat back pain in workers
      • Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica
      • Back schools for non-specific low-back pain
      • Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain
      • Ergonomic interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers
      • Ergonomic interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults
      • Ergonomic interventions for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in dental care practitioners
      • Exercise for Neck Pain
      • Exercise for treatment of chronic low back pain
      • Exercise therapy for treating acute non-specific low back pain
      • Exercises for the prevention of recurrences of episodes of low-back pain
      • Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults
      • Insoles for the prevention and treatment of back pain
      • Lumbar supports for the prevention and treatment of low-back pain
      • Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
      • Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
    • 2.2.0 Diseases of the genitourinary system (0)
  • 3. Affecting the onset or course of occupational disability (23)
    • 3.0 Organisational measures (1)
      • Workplace interventions to prevent work disability in workers on sick leave
    • 3.1 Measures to rehabilitate workers or facilitate disabled workers to stay at work or return to work (22)
      • Self-certification versus physician certification of sick leave for reducing sickness absence and associated costs
      • Cognitive rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury to improve occupational outcomes
      • Return-to-work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave
      • Health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers
      • Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network meta-analysis
      • Improving return to work in adults suffering from symptoms of distress
      • Interventions for improving employment outcomes for workers with HIV
      • Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease
      • Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for neck and shoulder pain among working age adults.
      • Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain in working age adults
      • Multidisciplinary treatment at the early stages of low back pain
      • Multidisciplinary treatment for back pain
      • Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing job loss in workers with inflammatory arthritis
      • Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
      • Rehabilitation after surgery for herniation of the lumbar disc
      • Rehabilitation following carpal tunnel release
      • Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) programs are used to support persons with multiple sclerosis ( MS) on their entering or returning to work
      • Vocational rehabilitation for enhancing return-to-work in workers with traumatic upper limb injuries
      • Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness
      • Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people
      • Non-medical interventions to enhance return to work for people with cancer
      • Workplace interventions for preventing job loss and other work related outcomes in workers with alcohol misuse
  • 4.1 Reducing occupational injuries by branch of industry (9)
    • 4.1.0 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing (1)
      • Interventions for preventing injuries in the agricultural industry
    • 4.1.1 Mining (0)
    • 4.1.2 Construction (1)
      • Interventions to prevent injuries in construction workers
    • 4.1.3 Manufacturing (0)
    • 4.1.4 Transportation, Communications, Energy and Sanitary Services (4)
      • Alcohol and drug screening of occupational drivers for preventing injury
      • Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers
      • Strong evidence that advanced and remedial driver education does not reduce road traffic crashes or injuries
      • Vision screening of older drivers to prevent road traffic injuries and deaths
    • 4.1.5 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (0)
    • 4.1.6 Services (3)
      • Education and training for preventing and minimizing workplace aggression directed toward healthcare workers
      • Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers
      • Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates
    • 4.1.7 Public Administration (0)
  • 4.2 Reducing occupational injuries by injury mechanism (11)
    • 4.2.0 Falls (0)
    • 4.2.1 Bodily reaction and exertion (0)
    • 4.2.2 Exposure to harmful substances or environments (7)
      • Action with problem drinkers can cut risk of injury
      • Caffeine for preventing injuries and errors in shift workers
      • Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
      • Education and training for preventing sharps injuries and splash exposures in healthcare workers
      • Educational interventions for preventing eye injuries
      • Gloves, extra gloves or special types of gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries in healthcare personnel
      • Blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents in surgical staff
    • 4.2.3 Transportation (0)
    • 4.2.4 Fires and explosions (0)
    • 4.2.5 Assaults and other violent acts (3)
      • Education and training for preventing and minimizing workplace aggression directed toward healthcare workers
      • Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates
      • Psychosocial interventions in the emergency centre setting for preventing reinjury due to interpersonal violence
    • 4.2.6 Interventions that cover the whole spectrum of injury mechanisms (1)
      • Does random drug and alcohol testing prevent injuries in workers?
  • 5. Promoting a healthy lifestyle at the workplace (19)
    • 5.0 Increasing physical activity (4)
      • Workplace pedometer interventions for increasing physical activity
      • Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work
      • Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
      • Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
    • 5.1 Enhancing weight loss (1)
      • Financial incentives for decreasing and preventing obesity in workers
    • 5.2 Smoking cessation (4)
      • Can nicotine vaccines help people stop smoking or help stop recent quitters from relapsing?
      • Can rewards help smokers to quit in the long term?
      • Do competitions help smokers to quit in the medium to long term?
      • Is the workplace an effective setting for helping people to stop smoking
    • 5.3 Decreasing alcohol and drugs intake (2)
      • Alcohol ignition interlocks may stop repeat drink driving offences, but only as long as they are still fitted
      • Workplace interventions for preventing job loss and other work related outcomes in workers with alcohol misuse
    • 5.4 Improving diet (0)
    • 5.5 Other health promotion measures (8)
      • Human resource management training of supervisors for improving health and well-being of employees
      • Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing
      • Interventions for improving recovery from work
      • Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment
      • Travel plans in organisations (schools, tertiary education institutions and workplaces) for improving health
      • Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers
      • Workplace interventions can reduce risky sexual behaviours among workers.
      • Workplace lighting for improving alertness and mood in daytime workers